Liudskie poteri v Velikoi Otechestvennoi voine 19411945 gg: Statisticheskoe issledovanie (Human Losses in the Great Patriotic War 19411945 A Statistical Investigation). Sumatra: 2,700, 500, (3,200) Germany reports. The Italian front is considered a separate but related theater. On that same day Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel, as head of OKW and Jodl's superior, was brought to Marshal Georgy Zhukov in Karlshorst and signed another instrument of surrender that was essentially identical to that signed in Rheims with two minor additions requested by the Soviets. Total Bulgarian military war dead were 18,500 including 6,671 battle deaths. Wars and Population. (Victims of Two Dictatorships. "For Austria the consequences of the Nazi regime and the Second World War were disastrous: During this period 2,700 Austrians had been executed and more than 16,000 citizens murdered in the concentration camps. Initial successes in bad weather, which gave them cover from the Allied air forces, resulted in a German penetration of over 80km (50mi) to within less than 16km (10mi) of the Meuse. Total losses reached an estimated 400,000 men. With an introd. ), Mnchen: Piper 1989, S. 858873, Ufficio Storico dello Stato Maggiore dell'Esercito. These figures include 593,000 Germany in 1937 borders. Germans played for time in Reims. Tams Stark of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences has provided the following assessment of Hungarian losses. The Japanese Central Liaison Office reported in July 1947 to the Allied occupation authorities that Japanese military dead in 19351945 were 1,687,738 (1,340,700 Army and 347,038 Navy. .: , 1996. The German military participated in many aspects of the Holocaust: in supporting Hitler, in the use of forced labor, and in the mass murder of Jews and other groups targeted by the Nazis. Suchdienstes, 1965. On 1 September 1939, World War II began with the German invasion of Poland. XXX Corps was able to advance beyond six of the seven airborne-held bridges but was unable to link up with the troops near the bridge over the Rhine at Arnhem. Data from the Netherlands Institute of War Documentation puts the number of Dutch POW captured by the Japanese at 37,000 of whom 8,500 died. [1] World War II military engagements in Southern Europe and elsewhere are generally considered under separate headings. After the reoccupation by the USSR, 16,000 Estonians died in Soviet repressions during 194453. Modern updates of UK casualties including the wounded are contained in. World War 2's Eastern Front From Stalingrad To Berlin In 48 Photos How The Eastern Front Decided World War II Published August 11, 2019 Updated August 20, 2019 The Nazis suffered 80 percent of their casualties on World War II's Eastern Front, the deadliest theater in the history of war. Although the great powers of Europe had declared war on one another, neither side had yet committed to launching a significant attack, and there was relatively little fighting on the ground. Arms and Armour 1995; Andreev, EM, et al., Naselenie Sovetskogo Soiuza, 19221991. Seventh and Third Armies) into southeastern Germany and Austria. Over 11.4 million Soviet civilians within pre-1939 borders were killed, and another estimated 3.5 million civilians were killed in the annexed territories. In 1948 the Netherlands Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) issued a report of war losses. [242][243], The total war dead in the USSR includes about 1million[244] victims of Stalin's regime. Some 40,000 Roma were murdered. e The Eastern Front of World War II was a theatre of conflict between the European Axis powers against the Soviet Union (USSR), Poland and other Allies, which encompassed Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Northeast Europe ( Baltics ), and Southeast Europe ( Balkans) from 22 June 1941 to 9 May 1945. [1] Deaths directly caused by the war (including military and civilian fatalities) are estimated at 5056million, with an additional estimated 1928million deaths from war-related disease and famine. [264], Russian sources list Axis prisoner of war deaths of 580,589 in Soviet captivity based on data in the Soviet archives (Germany 381,067; Hungary 54,755; Romania 54,612; Italy 27,683; Finland 403, and Japan 62,069). The raids for which the British awarded the "North-West Europe Campaign of 1942" battle honour were: Operation Biting Bruneval (2728 February 1942), St Nazaire (2728 March 1942), Operation Myrmidon Bayonne (5 April 1942), Operation Abercrombie Hardelot (2122 April 1942), Dieppe (19 August 1942) and Operation Frankton Gironde (712 December 1942).[30][31]. Navy With a large number of men captured, the stubborn German resistance during the Allied campaign to reach the Rhine in February and March 1945 had been costly. The war dead totals listed in the report are based on the research by the CWGC to identify and commemorate Commonwealth war dead. In November, however, the German front snapped under the pressure, resulting in sudden Allied advances that liberated Belfort, Mulhouse, and Strasbourg, and placed Allied forces along the Rhine River. [nb 12] World War II military engagements in Southern Europe and elsewhere are generally considered as separate theatres. China (inc. Hong Kong): 435,600, 20,100, (455,700) The liberation of Northern France and the Benelux countries was of special significance for the inhabitants of London and the southeast of England because it denied the Germans launch sites for their mobile V-1 and V-2 Vergeltungswaffen (reprisal weapons). This is from a total of 3,268,877 casualties recorded by the army across all fronts during that period. General Franz Bhme announced the unconditional surrender of German troops in Norway. Nor do the figures include additional deportations after the war). This would bring the total number of Italian military personnel killed to some 341,000 (excluding colonial troops). in the Dutch famine of 1944. [253] Rosefielde's demographic analysis puts the number of excess deaths due to Soviet repression at 2,183,000 in 193940 and 5,458,000 from 1941 to 1945. C. Deliberate acts of reprisal against target populations were perpetrated by all combatants. Merchant Marine Casualties during World War II", "Croatian President Mesic Apologizes for Croatian Crimes Against the Jews during the Holocaust", "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's Holocaust Encyclopedia: "Jasenovac", Documenting Numbers of Victims of the Holocaust and Nazi Persecution, The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names, Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany, Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_casualties&oldid=1130798063, Articles with dead external links from March 2021, Articles with permanently dead external links, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from May 2020, Articles with German-language sources (de), Articles with Polish-language sources (pl), Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 34,000 (in both Soviet & German armed forces), 5000 Irish volunteers deaths included with UK Armed Forces, Conscripted Reservists not yet in active service (see note below). Celebes: 1,500, 4,000, (5,500) The Nazis exterminated one to two million Soviet Jews (including the annexed territories) as part of the Holocaust. "Allied casualties from D-day to VE totaled 766,294. Regarding overall losses, they concluded that "It was further estimated that an additional number, approximately 25% of known deaths in 194445, were still unrecovered and unrecorded. Liudskie poteri v Velikoi Otechestvennoi voine 19411945 gg: Statisticheskoe issledovanie (Human Losses in the Great Patriotic War 19411945 A Statistical Investigation). By the time the water had subsided and the US Ninth Army was able to cross the Roer on 23 February, other Allied forces were also close to the Rhine's west bank. 10,066; Paramilitary 3,252; not indicated 45,078. The 17th SS Panzergrenadier Division Gtz von Berlichingen was located just south of the Loire in the vicinity of Tours. Some scholars maintain that the definition of the Holocaust should also include the other victims persecuted and killed by the Nazis. [241] There were 14,657 deaths among the total 130,895 western civilians interned by the Japanese due to famine and disease. India, which was a British colony during World War II, included the present-day, The war dead of 87,029 listed here are those reported by the, The preliminary 1945 data for Indian losses was, killed 24,338, missing 11,754, wounded 64,354 and, Although neutral, an estimated 70,000 of the Irish Free State's citizens volunteered in the British military service. Gruhl estimates POW deaths in Japanese captivity at 331,584. Rossiia i SSSR v voinakh XX veka: Poteri vooruzhennykh sil; statisticheskoe issledovanie OLMA-Press, 2001; ISBN 5-224-01515-4 Table 176", "Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2014-2015 p.38", "The "Debt of Honour Register" from the Commonwealth War Graves Commission", "Service Files of the Second World War War Dead, 19391947", "Seconde Guerre mondiale: tombs sous les bombes "amies", Bundesarchiv Euthanasie im Nationalsozialismus, "Bundeszentrale fr politische Bildung, Die Vertreibung der Deutschen aus den Gebieten jenseits von Oder und Neie", "Bundesamt fr Bevlkerungsschutz und Katastrophenhilfe Hampe: Der zivile Luftschutz im Zweiten Weltkrieg", Zahl der Vertreibungsopfer ist neu zu erforschen Rdiger Overmans Deutschlandfunk. Included in the figures of total war dead for each nation are victims of the Holocaust. Lesser Sundas: 51,800, 1,200, (53,000) ), The Japanese Ministry of Welfare and Foreign Office reported from 1951 to 1960 that 254,000 military personnel and civilians were confirmed dead and 95,000 went missing in Soviet hands after the war. Hellmuth Auerbach: Opfer der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft. The Survey believes the dead at Hiroshima to have been between 70,000 and 80,000, with an equal number injured; at Nagasaki over 35,000 dead and somewhat more than that injured seems the most plausible estimate. Total German soldiers who surrendered in the West, including 3,404,950 who surrendered after the end of the war, is given as 7,614,790. Each army group was allocated its mobile reserves. During World War II, the Western Front was the theater of fighting west of Germany, encompassing the United Kingdom, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Denmark. Army GroupB had the 2nd Panzer Division in northern France, 116th Panzer Division in the Paris area, and the 21st Panzer Division in Normandy. However, when the Allies made a counter-landing in Norway following the German invasion, the Germans repulsed them and defeated the Norwegian armed forces, driving the latter into exile. Sailors 300,386 killed and 12,275 wounded and missing. Combat Dead by Theater of war: EuropeAtlantic 183,588 (Army ground forces 141,088, Army Air Forces 36,461, and Navy/Coast Guard 6,039); AsiaPacific 108,504 (Army ground forces 41,592, Army Air Forces 15,694, Navy/Coast Guard 31,485, Marine Corps 19,733); unidentified theaters 39 (Army). 5-Figures of missing include POWs held by Allies. 20,400 killed by acts of war, 104,000 Jewish Holocaust dead, 18,000 political prisoners in Germany, 27,000 workers in Germany, The OKW retained a substantial reserve of such mobile divisions also, but these were dispersed over a large area: the 1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler was still Netherlands, the 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend and the Panzer-Lehr Division were located in the ParisOrleans area, since the Normandy coastal defence sectors or (Kstenverteitigungsabschnitte KVA) were considered the most likely areas for an invasion. Wojciech Materski and Tomasz Szarota. Dutch casualties are placed at 2,890 killed or missing, 6,900 wounded, with no information provided on those captured. Martin Gilbert estimates 5.7million (78%) of the 7.3million Jews in German-occupied Europe were Holocaust victims. Census Bureau cited the following source for the population at 1/1/1939 for Czechoslovakia, State Statistical Office, Statistical Bulletin of Czechoslovakia, v. II (1947) no. There are no reliable figures for the casualties of the Soviet Union and China, the two countries in which casualties were undoubtedly greatest. It also includes foreign volunteers who died during their service in Finland and Finnish SS-men who died while serving in the German army. Two early British raids for which battle honours were awarded were Operation Collar in Boulogne (24 June 1940) and Operation Ambassador in Guernsey (1415 July 1940). A large number of partisans and members of the RSI forces were former members of the armed forces of the Kingdom of Italy, to which is referred the 3,430,000 figure. Demographic Research, Vol. Bericht des Bundesarchivs vom 28. [Tokyo], 1949, pp. "Gunfire" includes tanks of course, but also includes AT Guns, StuGs, other SPGs, and artillery pieces. Andaman & Nicobar Islands: 900, 1,500, (2,400) Soon after, the Allies were racing across France. British casualties on the first day totalled 58,000, the worst single day loss of the war. German Army GroupG surrendered to US forces at Haar, in Bavaria, on 5 May. If the British refused to agree to a peace treaty, one option was to invade. German casualties based on statistics collected during the war included 27,074 KIA, 18,384 MIA and 111,034 WIA. [94] Werner Gruhl estimates China's total war losses at 15,554,000, Civilians :12,392,000 including (8,191,000) due to the Japanese brutality and military dead 3,162,000. The second phase consisted of large-scale ground combat (supported by a massive strategic air war considered to be an additional front), which began in June 1944 with the Allied landings in Normandy and continued until the defeat of Germany in May 1945. These figures are for Germany in 1937 borders. [254] Michael Haynes and Rumy Husun accept the figures from the Soviet archives as being an accurate tally of Stalin's victims, they maintain that the demographic data depicts an underdeveloped Soviet economy and the losses in World War Two rather than indicating a higher death toll in the Gulag labor camps. Philippines: 377,500, 121,100, (498,600) ^I China Mentally and Physically Handicapped: Victims of the Nazi Era", Bundesarchiv: Euthanasie-Verbrechen 19391945, "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Toward Peace: War Responsibility, Postwar Compensation, and Peace Movements and Education in Japan. Published in Schulze, Rainer, Flchtlinge und Vertriebene in der westdeutschen Nachkriegsgeschichte: Bilanzierung der Forschung und Perspektiven fr die knftige Forschungsarbeit Hildesheim: A. Lax, 1987. Werner Gruhl, Imperial Japan's World War Two, 19311945, Transaction 2007; Japan Statistical Year-Book, 1949 [etc.]. The footnotes give a detailed breakdown of the casualties and their sources, including data on the number of wounded where reliable sources are available. Mai 1974. Vadim Erlikman, a Russian historian, estimates losses of Africans in the, 752 civilians were killed during the U.S. air attacks on. The tables below give a detailed country-by-country count of human losses. During the war, Swedish merchant shipping was attacked by both German and Soviet submarines; 2,000 merchant seamen were killed. Belgian casualties are placed at 7,500 killed or missing, 15,850 wounded, and 200,000 captured. It was not possible to predict where the Allies might choose to launch their invasion. "Bataan, Corregidor, and the Death March: In Retrospect", "go to note on Polish Casualties by Tadeusz Piotrowski at the bottom of the page", "Victims of the Nazi Regime-Database of Polish citizens repressed under the German Occupation", Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2013-2014, "Michael Ellman and S. Maksudov, Soviet Deaths in the Great Patriotic War:a note-World War II- Europe Asia Studies, July 1994", "Population dynamics: consequences of regular and irregular changes", "Nazi persecution of Soviet Prisoners of War", "The extent of human losses USSR in the Great Patriotic War and Statistical Lynbrinth (in Russian)", "Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2014-2015, p. 38", "Cyprus Veterans Association World War II", "US Navy and Marine Corps Personnel Casualties in World War II", "Mariners in "ocean-going service" during World War II have Veteran Status. The British XXX Corps would punch through the German lines along the MaasSchelde canal and link up with the airborne troops of the U.S. 101st Airborne Division in Eindhoven, the U.S. 82nd Airborne Division at Nijmegen and the British 1st Airborne Division at Arnhem. Netherlands figure listed in the table of 112,000 Jews taken from, Donald L. Niewyk, professor of history at Southern Methodist University, maintains that the Holocaust can be defined in four ways: first, that it was the genocide of the Jews alone; second, that there were several parallel Holocausts, one for each of the several groups; third, the Holocaust would include Roma and the handicapped along with the Jews; fourth, it would include all racially motivated German crimes, such as the murder of Soviet prisoners of war, Polish and Soviet civilians, as well as political prisoners, religious dissenters, and homosexuals. The non-belligerent United States contributed to the Western Allies by discounted sales of military equipment and supplies. Holocaust Encyclopedia "Jehovah's Witnesses", United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's Holocaust Encyclopedia: "Freemasonry Under the Nazi Regime", "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. With an introduction by Konrad Adenauer. Toward Peace: War Responsibility, Postwar Compensation, and Peace Movements and Education in Japan. Reported deaths for the years 19391945 1,187,783, including: judicial executions 46,350; deaths in Gulag labor camps 718,804; deaths in labor colonies and prisons 422,629. [32] If the British had broken out of the Normandy bridgehead (or beachhead) around Caen when they launched Operation Goodwood and pushed along the coast, facts on the ground might have turned the argument in favour of a narrow front. MacDonald, C (2005), The Last Offensive: The European Theater of Operations. The principal belligerents were Russia and Romania (of the Allied and Associated Powers) versus the Central Powers countries of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Bulgaria. Army GroupG, considering the possibility of an invasion on the Atlantic coast, had dispersed its mobile reserves, locating the 11th Panzer Division in Gironde, the 2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich refitting around the southern French town of Montauban, and the 9th Panzer Division stationed in the Rhone delta area. WW2 started . Demographer Boris Urlanis estimated Romanian war dead at 300,000 military and 200,000 civilians. Original emissaries had no authority to surrender to any of the Allies. Losses by branch of service: Army 201,405; Navy 22,034; Air Force 9,096; Colonial Forces 354; Chaplains 91; Fascist militia The crossing of the Moselle River and the capture of the fortress of Metz proved difficult for the American troops in the face of German reinforcements, supply shortages, and unfavorable weather. According to Russian estimates the population in 1939 included 20.268million in the territories annexed by the USSR from 1939 to 1940: Russian sources estimate post war population transfers resulted in a net loss of (622,000). Total deaths from 1940 to 1953 due to the war and the Soviet occupation were approximately 83,000 persons (7.3% of the population). The Red Ball Express, the Allied trucking effort, was simply unable to transport enough supplies from the port facilities in Normandy all the way to the front line, which by September, was close to the German border. ; Kharkova, T.L. Following two months of slow fighting in hedgerow country, Operation Cobra allowed the Americans to break out at the western end of the lodgement. The armed forces of the various nations are treated as single entities, for example the deaths of Austrians, French and foreign nationals of German ancestry in eastern Europe in the. Werner Gruhl, Imperial Japan's World War Two, 19311945 Transaction 2007, Ho Ping-ti. 22629, journal published by Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland. World War II was won on the Eastern Front. 55, No. [147] Total U.S. military deaths in battle and from other causes were 407,316. Vietnamese sources put the number of deaths during the 194445 famine in North Vietnam at between 1 and 2million. ^AH Malta 1,493 civilians were killed and 3,734 wounded during the Siege of Malta (World War II)[86] Maltese civilians killed during the siege are also included with U.K. civilian deaths by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. 3133. Presse-und Informationsamt. The figures for these losses are currently disputed, estimates of the total deaths range from 500,000 to 2,000,000. The database includes all servicemen and women who died during being listed in the Finnish army, navy or the air force. The sources for the casualties of the individual nations do not use the same methods, and civilian deaths due to starvation and disease make up a large proportion of the civilian deaths in China and the Soviet Union. This figure is cited in reference works dealing with World War II. POW deaths 4,000. 2, 2003, 300309 (26.6million), Lennart Lundberg Handelsflottan under andra vrldskriget p.9, Eiji Murashima, "The Commemorative Character of Thai Historiography: The 194243 Thai Military Campaign in the Shan States Depicted as a Story of National Salvation and the Restoration of Thai Independence". Possible to predict where the Allies Japanese at 37,000 of whom 8,500 died merchant were... Agree to a Peace treaty, one option was to invade including the wounded are contained.. 3,268,877 casualties recorded by the CWGC to identify and commemorate Commonwealth War were... 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Updates of UK casualties including the wounded are contained in 78 % of... Are no reliable figures for the casualties of the 7.3million Jews in German-occupied Europe were Holocaust victims million... With World War Two, 19311945 Transaction 2007 ; Japan Statistical Year-Book, 1949 etc... Died during being listed in the figures include additional deportations after the War dead were 18,500 6,671... The first day totalled 58,000, the Allies were racing across France are! Had no authority to surrender to any of the 7.3million Jews in Europe! Of Poland Deliberate acts of reprisal against target populations were perpetrated by all combatants includes foreign volunteers who died serving... Us forces at Haar, in Bavaria, on 5 May, is given as 7,614,790 16,000... Of Hungarian losses by both German and Soviet submarines ; 2,000 merchant seamen killed. ( CBS ) issued a report of War losses: War Responsibility, Postwar Compensation, and Peace and... Of Dutch POW captured by the Nazis Loire in the Finnish army navy... Etc. ] other victims persecuted and killed by the Nazis a detailed country-by-country count of Human losses the! Are based on Statistics collected during the War, Swedish merchant shipping was attacked by both and... These losses are currently disputed, estimates losses of Africans in the Great Patriotic War a. And disease was attacked by both German and Soviet submarines ; 2,000 merchant seamen killed! ( CBS ) issued a report of War Documentation puts the number of Dutch POW captured the! Stato Maggiore dell'Esercito the War included 27,074 KIA, 18,384 MIA and WIA... For the casualties of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences has provided the assessment. Was not possible to predict where the Allies is given as 7,614,790 and Austria Central Bureau of Statistics ( )! 1948 the Netherlands Central Bureau of Statistics ( CBS ) issued a report of War losses front. Non-Belligerent United States contributed to the western Allies by discounted sales of military equipment and supplies one option to! [ 241 ] There were 14,657 deaths among the total deaths range from 500,000 to 2,000,000 the countries!