Children from minority ethnic groups accounted for two thirds (66%) of arrests of children made in London in in 2020/21. Figure 5.08: Relative Rate Index (RRI): Defendants who entered a guilty plea per all that entered a plea at Crown Court, 2016 2020, England and Wales. Arrests were the principal outcome in 12% of stop and searches, community resolutions in 7% and other outcomes in 6% . Individuals from the Black ethnic group also had the lowest proportion of suspended sentences, at 14% in 2020. The ACSL for possession of weapon offences fell between 2016 and 2020 across all ethnic groups, except for the Mixed ethnic group . When ethnicity is self-reported, it is based on five broad categories: White, Black, Asian, Mixed and Chinese or Other. Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons for England & Wales (HMI Prisons) aims to ensure independent inspection of places of detention, report on conditions and treatment, and promote positive outcomes for those detained and the public. Other sources in this chapter include Criminal Courts Statistics and Legal Aid Statistics. The Asian ethnic group (2%) were significantly less likely than the White ethnic group (4%) to be victims of a personal crime, whilst the Mixed ethnic group (7%) were significantly more likely. In the latest year, suspicion of drugs and offensive weapons were the two most common reasons for stops across all ethnic groups. From 2016 to 2019, the guilty plea rate remained relatively stable at between 88% and 89%. , A long criminal history is defined as 15 or more previous cautions or convictions. Due to the small population of children sentenced to immediate custody from Asian, Mixed and Chinese or Other ethnic groups trends should be viewed with caution. , Excludes declarations of prefer not to say. Over half of young offenders sentenced or cautioned had SEN. In 2020, of all males prosecuted for an indictable offence 75% were White, whilst for all females prosecuted 86% were White. These proportions have remained relatively stable over the last 5-year period. Unrounded figures can be found in the accompanying spreadsheet tables and published source data. , Statistical significance between groups over the time series is represented with a *, This section reports on three years of combined data, 2017/18 to 2019/20. The ACSL for indicatable offences[footnote 44] has gradually increased over the past 5 years, from 19.0 months in 2016 to 21.0 months in 2020[footnote 45]. Email; data.access@justice.gsi.gov.uk. Receipt of subsequent information which alters our understanding of previous periods (for example late recording on one of the administrative IT systems used operationally). Much of this information has previously been published in the Offender Management statistics quarterly publication, where statistics on adjudications, Home Detention Curfew, Release on Temporary Licence and Licence Recalls can also be found. The Chinese or Other ethnic group had the highest number of defendants remanded in custody, at 62%, whereas the White ethnic group had the lowest number of defendants remanded in custody, at 42%. Figure 3.01: Percentage of adults who reported as victims of a CSEW personal crime by ethnic group, England and Wales 2015/16 and 2019/20[footnote 12]. Drug offences accounted for 40% of convictions for Black offenders, 39% for Asian offenders, 32% for Mixed ethnicity offenders, 31% for Chinese or Other ethnic groups, and 19% for White offenders. black people were over 3 times as likely to be arrested as white people - there were 29 arrests for every 1,000 black people, and 9 arrests for every 1,000 white people. To meet these commitments, all of our statistical publications will: Ensure that the need for major revisions for any series are pre-announced on the Ministry of Justice website. In 2020, Asian offenders had the longest ACSL for drug offences, at 46.2 months. The Gangs Debate. Racism and ethnicity are one of the social evils that pose a big danger to the society. Figure 7.10: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 with Special Educational Needs, by ethnicity, in England (Source: Table 7.3 and Table CH2c)[footnote 77]. the young, the poor and ethnic minorities) show up more often in these statistics. A higher proportion of Mixed suspects received the principal outcome of arrest at 14%, compared to 13% of Black suspects, 12% of White suspects, 11% of Other ethnicity suspects and 10% of Asian suspects. of the official crime statistics without question (i.e. 735 754-19 947-212. See figure 5.04 for all sentencing outcomes. There were 292 (15%) victims in the Black, 147 (8%) in the Asian and 107 (5%) in the Other ethnic groups[footnote 17]. Similarly, just over half (53%) of adults arrested in London were from minority ethnic groups, compared to 15% of adults arrested in the rest of England and Wales. Across the past 5 years, White defendants have consistently had the highest guilty plea rate, at 79% in 2020, compared to Black defendants at 66%. , See technical guide for information relating to parole board. When a suspect is formally charged, they are brought before a magistrates court (as a defendant) as soon as possible. Arrest Statistics by Ethnicity. Check benefits and financial support you can get, Find out about the Energy Bills Support Scheme, Ethnicity and the criminal justice system statistics 2020, nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3, Police powers and procedures: Stop and search and arrests, England and Wales, year ending 31 March 2021, Criminal Justice Statistics quarterly: December 2020 publication, Offender Management statistics quarterly publication, Research report on population estimates by ethnic group and religion, https://www.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/code-of-practice/, Crime in England and Wales: year ending March 2020, Homicide in England and Wales - Office for National Statistics (ons.gov.uk), Criminal justice system statistics quarterly: December 2020 - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk), Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England 2014/15 (Revised). . For example, in 2020, Black defendants were 16% less likely to enter a guilty plea than White defendants in Crown Court [footnote 48]. Over the last 5 years, the proportion of arrests in London and across England and Wales have remained relatively stable by ethnic group. In comparison, the proportion of adults from ethnic minority groups sentenced to custody has remained stable at 20% between 2016 and 2020. In 2020/21, 43% of all stop and searches (where ethnicity is known) were conducted in London, involving a higher proportion of persons from minority ethnic groups when compared to the rest of England and Wales. The Black ethnic group had the highest proportion of young offenders with SEN at 79%, combining SEN with statement and without statement. Differences in outcomes between ethnic groups over time present a mixed picture, with disparity decreasing in some areas and widening in others. This decrease was also significant for White (down 44%), Black (down 80%) and Asian (down 67%) children, in isolation. If you have any feedback about the changes referred to in the introduction, or the report more generally, please contact the production team through the Justice Statistics Analytical Services division of the Ministry of Justice: We have crudely attempted to control for different offence mixes across ethnic groups by applying a similar pattern of offences being sentenced across all ethnic groups, fixing this to the White group. Figure 5.06: Relative Rate Index (RRI): The custodial sentencing rate for defendants expressed as a proportion of the of the overall sentencing rate for all defendants sentenced for indictable offences, 2016 to 2020, England and Wales. A larger proportion of White defendants (24%) received representation at magistrates court compared to all other ethnic groups, with the lowest proportion at 16% for Asian defendants. Police officers: The proportion of White practitioners is highest for police officers of all the CJS organisations at 92.4%[footnote 94]. This is the latest biennial compendium of Statistics on Ethnicity (formerly Race) and the Criminal Justice System and follows on from its sister publication Statistics on Women and the Criminal Justice System published last year. , Excluding adults where their age bracket is unknown (2 defendants). 53% of prosecutions for this offence were for White defendants, 25% Black, 13% Asian, 6% Mixed and 2% Chinese or Other ethnic groups. However, as in previous reports, in order to present as full a picture as possible we have also included some statistics that do not have this badging where National Statistics are not held on important or new topics. The Ministry of Justice would welcome any feedback on the content, presentation or on any other aspect of this bulletin we can be contacted through: In the last 5 years, the numbers of children prosecuted for indictable offences has fallen for all ethnic groups, however, the proportion of children from Black, Mixed and Chinese or Other ethnic groups has increased collectively from 33% in 2016 to 39% in 2020. ACSL for possession of weapons offences decreased, between 2016 and 2020, for all ethnic groups except Mixed, decreasing the largest for Asian and Black offenders. Where changes to data systems or data quality issues do not allow for this, trends have been presented for the longest periods possible. Therefore, trends within these broad ethnic groups will be less comparable over a 5-year time series. The proportion of stop and searches conducted on White suspects decreased from 75% in 2014/15 to 59% in 2018/19 and increased for all minority ethnic groups. Publish a time-series of revisions due to errors in our statistical processes and procedures so we can monitor the quality of our outputs. We use some essential cookies to make this website work. , Court Orders can contain more than one requirement. ethnicity and crime statistics uk 2020trees that grow well in clay soil texas. These proportions have remained broadly consistent across the last 5 years. The ethnic group question from the 2001 Census. Dont worry we wont send you spam or share your email address with anyone. The relationship between the homicide victim and principal suspect[footnote 19] varied across ethnic groups. Ethnicity is recorded by either self-reporting or as identified by a police officer[footnote 2]. , A determinate sentence is for a fixed period of time, and differs from indeterminate sentences that have a minimum fixed period, known as a tariff, that must be served before release is considered by the parole board. Above National Average. Similarly, for children, a higher proportion of child offenders in the Asian and Chinese or Other ethnic groups were first time offenders. Wed like to set additional cookies to understand how you use GOV.UK, remember your settings and improve government services. Within this update we committed to better addressing inequalities in victimisation and highlighting those groups in society that are at most risk of experiencing crime. Figure 5.07: The average custodial sentence length in months for offenders sentenced to immediate custody for indictable offences at all courts, by ethnicity, 2016 to 2020, England and Wales. Therefore, to ensure comparability across year, these forces have been excluded from the calculations for the year on year change. That's 327.21% higher than the national rate of 387.8 per 100,000 people. All official statistics should comply with all aspects of the Code of Practice for Statistics. Almost three quarters (1,405 or 72%) of all homicide victims (where ethnicity was known) over the three-year period were from the White ethnic group. Ethnicity 9 2.2 Arrests 9 2.3 Transferred or cancelled records 12 Outcomes 12 2.4 Trends over time 13 2.5 Police Force Areas (PFA) 15 2.6 London 17 Will McMahon and Rebecca Robert In this chapter, those conducted under section 1 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE) and section 60 of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 have been combined[footnote 22]. Over the last 5 years, the rates of arrests following stop and searches for all ethnic groups continued to converge. RRI analysis showed that White defendants were more likely than all other ethnic groups to plead guilty at Crown Court. 6. The most frequent method of killing in homicides with Asian victims was Strangulation (38%), closely followed by sharp instrument (35%). there were 646,292 arrests between April 2020 and March 2021 - over 30,000 fewer than the previous year. Further information on the following topics related to offender management are available online: Safety in Custody, Substance Misuse Treatment Programmes, Offender Learning. , A permanent exclusion refers to a pupil who is excluded and who will not come back to that school (unless the exclusion is overturned). In line with previous years, Black defendants continued to serve a greater proportion of their original determinate sentence in custody (67% in 2020) when compared with Mixed (66%) White (60%), Asian (58%) and prisoners from Other ethnic groups (58%). The location in which a homicide was committed showed marked differences between ethnic groups. The CSEW is a large nationally representative survey that asks people about their experience as a victim of a crime in the previous 12 months. Data sources to which this applies include Crime Survey for England and Wales. , Includes City of London and Metropolitan Police forces. In addition, the annual report from the Head of Profession to the National Statistician will: Provide information on how many revisions were required to our publications and the reasons for these. , We were only able to match data on those children who are both in DfE and MoJ datasets so cannot provide analysis specifically for non-offenders with these characteristics. The areas of focus include: Victimisation; Police Activity; Defendants and Court Outcomes; Offender Management; Offender Characteristics; Offence Analysis; and Practitioners. A 21% decrease was seen in requirements started under suspended sentence orders. The violent crime rate in Cleveland is 1,656.7 per 100,000 people. A decline in custody rate was observed in 2020, likely a result of the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on courts and the prioritisation of non-jury trials . The ACSL for Asian children was 20.6 months, 18.2 months for Black children and 18 months for Chinese or Other children. Asian individuals had the highest proportion of fines given, at 23%, in comparison to White individuals (16%). Custody rates have largely converged across ethnic groups between 2016 and 2019. In this section, where there are statistically significant differences between groups to the 95% level, this will be stated. The crime rate in the UK has dropped to its lowest level since the early 1990s, according to estimates. Figure 8.02: Comparison of custody rates before and after controlling for offence mix, all indictable offences, 2020, England and Wales. In the 2020/21 HM Inspectorate of Prisons survey, prisoners from ethnic minority groups reported more negative results across the survey. This chapter explores outcomes for defendants[footnote 38] in the Criminal Justice System (CJS) predominantly drawing on indictable offence data from the Criminal Justice Statistics quarterly: December 2020 publication. A further review by Haylock et al in 2020 of risk factors associated with weapon-related crime for young people aged 10 to 24 within the UK strengthens both of these reports. Between 2016 and 2020, the proportion of defendants remanded in custody at Crown Court has increased for all ethnic groups and the proportion remanded has remained highest for Chinese or Other, Black and Mixed defendants. A higher proportion of White offenders had a long history of offending, 35% of White offenders had 15 or more previous convictions or cautions, compared to Black offenders at 26%, Asian offenders at 16% and Chinese or Other at 9%, for adults [footnote 67]. Reasons for searches that resulted in arrest[footnote 28]. We also use cookies set by other sites to help us deliver content from their services. A higher custody rate, however, was seen in the Chinese or Other group (36%). , The custody rate is the proportion of all offenders sentenced to immediate custody, out of all offenders sentenced. Asian and mixed‐race people are also over‐represented in the prison population; yet white people who represent 88.3% of the population only make up 73.8% of the prison population. The total number of stop and searches, where ethnicity was known, increased between 2017/18 (266,000) and 2020/21 (557,000). Generally, we discuss the broad categories individually, to reflect their different experiences, but given the much greater numbers of White individuals in the population it is sometimes necessary or appropriate to consider the minority ethnic groups together. , Self-declared from HR records reported table 3_5_JO_Magistrates Judicial Diversity Statistics, 2021 publication, the quoted figure covers all court judges; Judicial Diversity Statistics 2017. Across the past 5 years, White defendants consistently had the highest guilty plea rate, at 79% in 2020, followed by defendants of the Mixed ethnic group at 73%, Chinese or Other ethnic groups at 72%, Asian at 68% and Black defendants at 66%. The Asian ethnic group (2%) were significantly less likely than the White ethnic group (4%) to be victims of a personal crime, whilst the Mixed ethnic group (7%) were significantly more likely. The proportion of staff from White backgrounds has decreased between 1 and 2.4 percentage points across all CJS organisations over the last 5 years, largely driven by increases in the proportion of staff from Asian and Mixed ethnic backgrounds. Source: Census 2001 England Household form, Office for National Statistics. Convictions across indictable offence groups varied between ethnic groups in 2020, with drug offences accounting for the highest proportion of offenders within each ethnic group except for White offenders, where the highest proportion of convictions was for theft offences. You can change your cookie settings at any time. Well send you a link to a feedback form. Sharp and Budd (2005) noted that the 2003 offending, crime and justice survey of 12,000 people found that whites and mixed ethnicity were more . It is not possible to make any causal links between ethnicity and CJS outcomes. In 2020, White defendants spent the lowest mean number of days (156) at court, while defendants from Chinese or Other ethnic groups had the highest (199). The following offence groups will be of particular focus: As noted in the introduction, comparisons across ethnic groups do not account for previous offending history, detailed offence mix and other offender characteristics and that should be considered when interpreting results in this section. In 2020, 45% of all defendants prosecuted for drug offences at Crown Court were remanded in custody . This is an increase of 5 pp since 2019; a difference likely due to the prioritisation of non-jury trials as a result of COVID-19 restrictions . Section 95 of the Criminal Justice Act 1991 states that: The Secretary of State shall in each year publish such information as they consider expedient for the purpose of facilitating the performance of those engaged in the administration of justice to avoid discriminating against any persons on the ground of race or sex or any other improper ground. The proportion of Black young offenders eligible for FSM (72%) sentenced to more than 12 months in custody was significantly higher than the proportion for White young offenders (62%). The HMPPS Offender Equalities report 2020/21 also includes information on: Mother and Baby units, Sexual Orientation in the Prison Population, Transgender Prisoners, Accredited Programmes, Incentives and Earned Privileges and Electronic Monitoring. In 2020, a higher proportion of prosecutions of Black and Mixed defendants were against children, 12% and 14% respectively, compared to 5% of White defendants[footnote 63]. Include a detailed revisions policy within every release. The largest proportionate decrease was seen in the White and Black ethnic groups (-18% and -17% respectively). In comparison, these age groups accounted for 6% of victims from the White, 17% from Asian and 27% from Other ethnic groups. As outlined in the defendants chapter, drug offences accounted for the highest proportion of convictions within each ethnic group except for White offenders. There was a decrease in the proportion of stop and searches conducted on Black individuals in London, from 36% in 2016/17 to 32% in 2020/21. This was driven by the overrepresentation of Black individuals in the proportion of stop and searches; 17% of all stop and searches were of Black individuals. Ministry of Justice, 3rd Floor, 10 South Colonnade, London, E14 4PU, General enquiries about the statistical work of the Ministry of Justice can be e-mailed to: ESD@justice.gov.uk, The structure and content of this report is continually being reviewed to reflect user requirements. In some cases, in contrast to fears of "racist" connotations of identifying individuals by their cultural background, the language of labels and shorthand descriptors was used as a lingua franca for playful . Police officers have the power to stop and search individuals under different pieces of legislation. In 2020, of prisoners whose ethnicity was known[footnote 49], 73% were White, 13% Black, 8% Asian, 5% Mixed and 1% from Other ethnic groups. In 2020, the custody rate was relatively stable across ethnic groups, between 24 and 26%. In 2020, sexual offences accounted for 4% of all prosecutions for indictable offences; this has remained broadly stable across the last 5 years. Figure 5.03: Proportions of remand status by ethnic groups at Crown Court, 2020, England and Wales. All results relate to England and Wales unless explicitly stated otherwise. , Some police forces were unable to supply complete data, please see footnotes in the BUSS open data tables. Arrests for children have been declining at a faster rate than arrests for adults, down 33% and 20% respectively since 2016/17. It is important to note that for the majority of the report, no controls have been applied for other characteristics of ethnic groups (such as average income, geography, offence mix or offender history), so it is not possible to determine what proportion of differences identified in this report are directly attributable to ethnicity. Feasibility research on producing statistics on the population by ethnic group for England for 2016 to 2020 from administrative data, exploring change over time. In response to COVID-19 lockdown restrictions, interviews were suspended two weeks early in March 2020. The proportion of staff from White backgrounds has decreased between 1 and 2.4 pp across all CJS organisations over the last 5 years, largely driven by increases in the proportion of staff from Asian and Mixed ethnic backgrounds. Figure 7.01: Proportion of prosecutions for Indictable offences by sex and ethnicity, England and Wales, 2020. High levels of missing ethnicity data would be of concern, both in terms of sample sizes and the risk of systematic bias. This trend has fluctuated across recent years, with the Mixed ethnic group having the highest ACSL in 2019 (at 71.4 months), and the Chinese or Other group having the lowest (at 46.7 months). The ACSL for drug offences has increased across all ethnic groups over the past 5 years. , Available at https://www.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/code-of-practice/, Data provided by the Home Office listing offences recorded as homicide as of 15th December 2020. , Self-declared from HR records reported table 3_1_JO_Appt in the Judicial Diversity Statistics, 2021 publication, the quoted figure covers all court judges; Judicial Diversity Statistics 2017. Question ( i.e presented for the Mixed ethnic group the risk of bias! The poor and ethnic minorities ) show up more often in these Statistics for England and,... Status by ethnic groups will be stated of young offenders sentenced except for the year on change... Than one requirement data systems or data quality issues do not allow for this, trends within these ethnic. 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London and across England and Wales you spam or share your email address with anyone you a to. Immediate custody, out of all offenders sentenced to immediate custody, of.