"[185], In addition, she stated, "JIM JONES the one who made this paradise possible much to the contrary of the lies stated about Jim Jones being a power-hungry sadistic, mean person who thought he was God of all things." [201], After the deaths, both the House Committee on Foreign Affairs and the U.S. State Department itself criticized the latter's handling of the Temple. [95] Jones made radio broadcasts stating "we will die unless we are granted freedom from harassment and asylum. [citation needed], Just before the start of the final meeting in the pavilion, Garry and Lane were told that the people were angry with them. ", which indicated to Reid that Mondale had a personal interest in Jones' well-being.[48]. [51] School study and nighttime lectures for adults turned to Jones' discussions about revolution and enemies, with lessons focusing on Soviet alliances, Jones' crises, and the purported "mercenaries" sent by Tim Stoen, who had defected from the Temple and turned against the group. [11][12] Guards armed with guns and crossbows had been ordered to shoot anyone who attempted to flee the settlement as Jones lobbied for suicide. We are here living communally. Rhodes described a scene of both hysteria and confusion as parents watched their children die from the poison. [106] Following the visit, Temple members met almost weekly with Timofeyev to discuss a potential Soviet exodus. [202], The Cult Awareness Network (CAN), a group aimed at deprogramming members of cults, was formed soon after the Jonestown deaths. [129] While the party was received warmly, Jones said he felt like a dying man and ranted about government conspiracies and martyrdom as he decried attacks by the press and his enemies. In 1978, Jones was informed of a possible lung infection, upon which he announced to his followers that he in fact had lung cancer a ploy to foster sympathy and strengthen support within the community. Surrounding them, Jones claimed, were mercenaries bent on murder, as well as the abduction of Jones' son John Victor Stoen and others. [146], While most of the Ryan delegation began to depart on a large dump truck to the Port Kaituma airstrip, Ryan and Dwyer stayed behind in Jonestown to process any additional defectors. We all did as we were told. In 2011, a memorial to them was erected at the cemetery. [128] That night, they attended a musical reception in the settlement's main pavilion. [176][177], The letters included listed accounts with balances totaling in excess of $7.3million to be transferred to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Lay down your life with dignity; don't lay down with tears and agony." [176] Grover Davis, 79, who was hearing-impaired, missed the announcement to assemble on the loudspeaker, lay down in a ditch and pretended to be dead. "[17][18] Jones had an interest in Joseph Stalin, Mao Zedong, and Adolf Hitler from a young age, and would later frequently praise Stalin and Vladimir Lenin as heroes. [69][70] For some members who attempted to escape, drugs such as Thorazine, sodium pentathol, chloral hydrate, Demerol, and Valium were administered in an "extended care unit". The press exposes the dark side of Jones, causing a mass exodus to Jonestown. This chilling docu-series dives into one of the darkest moments in American history, exploring the rise of Jim Jones, a charismatic preacher turned manipulative cult leader who ordered the deaths of his own followers. 914[193] of the 918 dead, including Jones himself, were collected by the United States military in Guyana, then transported by military cargo plane to Dover Air Force Base in Delaware, a location that had been used previously for mass processing of the dead from the Tenerife airport disaster. [29], Later, Guyanese Prime Minister Forbes Burnham stated that Jones may have "wanted to use cooperatives as the basis for the establishment of socialism, and maybe his idea of setting up a commune meshed with that". [216], Although Jones used poisoned Flavor Aid, the drink mix was also commonly (mistakenly) referred to as Kool-Aid. [15][16] In doing so, the Temple preached that "those who remained drugged with the opiate of religion had to be brought to enlightenment socialism. [121] Ryan was friends with the father of Bob Houston, a Temple member in California whose mutilated body was found near train tracks on October 5, 1976, three days after a taped telephone conversation with Houston's ex-wife in which leaving the Temple was discussed. Shortly before the dump truck left, Temple loyalist Larry Layton, the brother of Deborah Layton, demanded to join the group. [205] The case has not been solved. [88], The Temple had received monthly half-pound shipments of cyanide since 1976 after Jones obtained a jeweler's license to buy the chemical, purportedly to clean gold. The lawyers were escorted to a house used to accommodate visitors. [176] They were later released in Georgetown. [151] There were perhaps nine shooters whose identities are not all certainly known, but most sources agree that Joe Wilson, Stanley Gieg, Thomas Kice Sr., and Ronnie Dennis were among them. ", "Jonestown massacre + 20: Questions linger", "40 years after Jonestown massacre, ex-members describe Jim Jones as a 'real monster', "Demographics and the Black Religious Culture of Peoples Temple, in Peoples Temple and Black Religion in America, "The Demographics of Jonestown Alternative Considerations of Jonestown & Peoples Temple", "Transcript of Recovered FBI tape Q 642. This documentary does a nice job laying things out for a beginner. [202] Guyanese political opposition seized the opportunity to embarrass Prime Minister Burnham by establishing an inquest which concluded that Burnham was responsible for the deaths at Jonestown. As his racially integrated church and practices came under scrutiny, he moved his congregation to California, where its growing popularity brought Jones political power, but also a drug habit coupled with a paranoid need to control his followers. [206][207], The sheer scale of the event, as well as Jones' socialism, purported inconsistencies in the reported number of deaths, allegedly poor explanation of events related to said deaths, and existence of classified documents[208] led some conspiracy theorists to suggest CIA involvement. On 18th November 1978, over 900 men, women and children lost their lives at Jonestown, a remote settlement established by the People's Temple in northern Guyana. Minister. [29] According to Carter, the Temple concluded that Guyana, an English-speaking, socialist country with a predominantly indigenous population and with a government including prominent black leaders, would afford black Temple members a peaceful place to live. [161] After consuming the poison, according to Rhodes, people were then escorted away down a wooden walkway leading outside the pavilion. Jonestown: Terror in the Jungle airs Saturday, Nov. 17, and Sunday, Nov. 18, at 9 p.m. ET/PT on SundanceTV. [151][153] When the entourage reached the airstrip between 4:30p.m. and 4:45p.m., the planes had not appeared as scheduled. [76] In 1978, officials from the U.S. embassy in Georgetown interviewed Social Security recipients on multiple occasions to make sure they were not being held against their will. The panic reached such a point that an ad hoc evacuation was ordered by Jones, with dozens of townsfolk hastily loaded onto boats on the George River. Jonestown became internationally infamous when, on November 18, 1978, a total of 909 [1] [2] people died at the settlement, at the nearby airstrip in Port Kaituma, and at a Temple-run building in Georgetown, Guyana's capital city. [112], Still, others remained loyal. [33] The site, located near the disputed border with Venezuela, was isolated and had soil of low fertility, even by Guyanese standards. Jones bragged about other female Temple members he referred to as "public relations women" giving all for the cause in Jonestown. Jonestown's primary means of communication with the outside world was a shortwave radio. Jonestown: Rebuilding my life after surviving the massacre. Members are captivated; his lust for power becomes unstoppable. [165], According to escaped Temple member Odell Rhodes, the first to take the poison were Ruletta Paul and her one-year-old infant. more EPISODE 2 On the Run The press exposes the dark side of Jim Jones, causing a mass exodus to Jonestown. Ryan was killed after being shot more than twenty times. ", "Jonestown Survivor Laura Johnston Kohl AllOutAttack Podcast w/ Harry Robinson #2", "Jones plotted cyanide deaths years before Jonestown", "Rhetoric, Revolution and Resistance in Jonestown, Guyana", "Q759 Transcript Alternative Considerations of Jonestown & Peoples Temple", "Edith Roller Journals: April 1978 Alternative Considerations of Jonestown & Peoples Temple", "Transcript of Recovered FBI tape Q 352.". [182], Plastic cups, Flavor Aid packets, and syringes, some with needles and some without, littered the area where the bodies were found. [176] The envelope contained two passports and three instructional letters, the first of which was to Timofeyev, stating: Dear Comrade Timofeyev, [22] In the early 1970s, the Temple opened other branches in Los Angeles and San Francisco, and would eventually move its headquarters to San Francisco. [163], The concoction was prepared with the help of Jonestown in-house doctor, Dr Larry Schacht, a Texan native and former methamphetamine addict who got sober with the help of Jones who subsequently paid for his college education to become a doctor. [212] The House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence investigated the event and announced that there was no evidence of CIA involvement at Jonestown. The group, which included Congressman Ryan's daughter Patricia, was involved in various personal, social and legal battles with a range of religious organizations, from The Family International and Scientology to David Koresh's Branch Davidians, where they were found to be influential on law enforcement's concerns for children in the eventual Waco siege in 1993. 'Slavery of Faith': Survivor recounts escape from Jonestown, "Jonestown massacre memories linger amid rumors of CIA link", "Congressional Foreign Affairs Committee report on Ryan's assassination", "Guyana Inquest Interviews of Cecil Roberts, Cyril Mootoo, Odell Rhodes, and others", "Jonestown Autopsies: Carolyn Moore Layton", "The Jonestown Death Tape (FBI No. [4][5] In contrast, most sources today refer to the deaths with terms such as mass murder-suicide,[6] a massacre,[7][8] or simply mass murder. ", Girl killed, 11 shot at school on coast; suspect found dead, "Most Peoples Temple Documents Still Sealed", "What The Military Didn't Do: Debunking One Conspiracy Theory Alternative Considerations of Jonestown & Peoples Temple", "Jonestown memorial unveiled after 32 years", "Ryan's kin believe U.S. aware of Jonestown peril", "Reconstructing Reality: Conspiracy Theories About Jonestown", "Articles - Jonestown | Bradt Travel Guides", Congressman Tom Lantos' Remarks on the 25th Anniversary of the Tragedy at Jonestown and the Death of Congressman Leo Ryan. 2011, a memorial to them was erected at the cemetery are granted freedom from harassment and asylum my. Airs Saturday, Nov. 17, and Sunday, Nov. 17, and Sunday, Nov. 17, Sunday... 106 ] Following the visit, Temple members he referred to as public... 205 ] the case has not been solved had a personal interest in Jones ' well-being. [ 48.! 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